Office 2010

Δ, Frequency Graphs, & Histograms

Δ | Frequency Graph for Mr. Beck’s Class | Histograms      

Δ
Click on the Insert menu, the Symbol button, and select Normal text as the Font. Scroll down to find the Delta symbol and click Insert.
Note: You can also go directly to the Character Map to obtain this symbol instead of using Word

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Frequency Graph for Mr. Beck's Class
Use a Bar Chart

1. Use the raw data from the class example or experiment, and put it into an Excel spreadsheet in the following manner:

• Raw data in column A

• Possible results (or values)  in column B in increasing order

• The frequency the values were found go in column C

You will use the instructions for Creating a Frequency Graph with the only exception being that your Y (vertical) values are in column C and your X (horizontal) values are in column B.

 Example

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Histograms

This example will be for a scale of .04 and an interval of .08. Set zero in the center.  

 The following values will be used

1. In Excel go to the Files tab, Options, Add Ins, and Manage Excel Add-ins. Click the Go button and then click to place a checkmark next to Analysis Toolpak and OK – You will only need to do this the 1st time you use this feature.

2. Go to the Data tab in your Excel spreadsheet. Choose the Data Analysis Tools and Histogram. Click OK.

 Further instructions are below the next image. 

3. Data Input range – Click in the box next to the words Input Range. Select (highlight) your data on your worksheet.

4. Bin Range –Your intervals are called bins in Statistical language. Identify the upper limits of the intervals marked. In the ex. they are –0.12,   -0.04,  0.04,  0.12 

Type those numbers in a column on your worksheet.

Click in the box next to the words Bin Range.

Highlight those cells to get the Bin Range. For more information on bins, see below **

5. Click Output Range to select it, and click in the white box next to the words Output Range.

6. Click the cell in the worksheet where you wish the upper left hand corner of the chart to go.

7. Click Chart Output to put a checkmark in the box if there is not already one.

8. Click OK

After chart is made, you will probably want to click your chart border and stretch the chart from a corner handle to enlarge it.

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9. Right-click on one of the vertical data bars and select Format Data Series and with Series Options selected, set the Gap width slider to zero. You may also want to change the border and fill here. To do so, select Fill and make a choice. I chose Pattern. I also chose Border Color and chose Solid.

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Final chart for this example

Note that the #s along the horizontal axis represent the next higher tic mark. The right bin goes from -.04 to .04

 Values on Bin Borders
” Enter the cell reference to a range that contains an optional set of boundary values that define bin ranges. These values should be in ascending order. Microsoft Excel counts the number of data points between the current bin number and the adjoining higher bin, if any. A number is counted in a particular bin if it is equal to or less than the bin number down to the last bin. All values below the first bin value are counted together, as are the values above the last bin value.” 

Your textbook uses a convention of values on a bin border going in the next higher bin. Excel uses the convention that a number on a bin border goes in the lower bin.

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