Ecce Romani Chapter 24 - Notes

Latin I

A. Verbs: Learn these principal parts and meanings:

aedifico, aedificare, aedificavi, aedificatus - to build

condo, condere, condidi, conditus - to found

lego, legere, lēgi, lectus - to read

moveo, movēre, movi, motus - to move

occurro, occurrere, occurri, occursurus - to meet, encounter (+ dat. case)

perficio, perficere, perfeci, perfectus - to accomplish

possum, posse, potui, ----- - to be able, can

relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictus - to leave (behind)

scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptus - to write

vinco, vincere, vici, victus - to conquer

exeo, exire, exivi (exii), exiturus - to go out, leave

transeo, transire, transivi (transii), transiturus - to go across

redeo, redire, redivi (redii), rediturus - to go back, return

circumeo, circumire, circumivi (circumii), circumitus - to go around

licet, licēre, licuit - it is allowed, permitted (+ dative case)

used in the impersonal (it forms)

B. Pluperfect Tense:

1. The pluperfect tense in translated by the past perfect tense in English. The helping verb is "had."

Ex. He had carried. I had carried.

2. The pluperfect tense is formed from the perfect stem (3rd principal part without the -i).

The endings -eram -eramus are added to the perfect stem.

-eras -eratis

-erat -erant

Ex. parav + erat = paraverat he had prepared

dux + eramus = duxeramus we had led

	1st Conjugation	2nd Conjugation	3rd Conjugation	4th Conjugation
Infinitive	parare	habēre	(-io) mittere iacere	audire
sing. 1 2 3	paraveram paraveras paraverat	habueram habueras habuerat	miseram ieceram miseras ieceras miserat iecerat	audiveram audiveras audiverat
pl. 1 2 3	paraveramus paraveratis paraverant	habueramus habueratis habuerant	miseramus ieceramus miseratis ieceratis miserant iecerant	audiveramus audiveratis audiverant

C. Examples of the Pluperfect Tense

1. manseramus _____________________ 5. miseramus _____________________

2. portaveras _____________________ 6. posueras _____________________

3. conspexerant _____________________ 7. feceratis _____________________ 4. tuleram _____________________ 8. sederant _____________________

Chapter 24 Notes (continued) page 2

D. Future Perfect Tense:

1. The future perfect tense uses the helping verbs "shall have" or "will have" in English.

Ex. He will have carried. I shall have carried.

2. The future perfect tense is formed from the perfect stem (3rd principal part without the i).

The endings -ero -erimus are added to the perfect stem.

-eris -eritis

-erit -erint

Ex. parav + erit = paraverit he will have prepared

dux + erimus = duxerimus we shall have led

	1st Conjugation	2nd Conjugation	3rd Conjugation	4th Conjugation
Infinitive	parare	habēre	(-io) mittere iacere	audire
sing. 1 2 3	paravero paraveris paraverit	habuero habueris habuerit	misero iecero miseris ieceris miserit iecerit	audivero audiveris audiverit
pl. 1 2 3	paraverimus paraveritis paraverint	habuerimus habueritis habuerint	miserimus iecerimus miseritis ieceritis miserint iecerint	audiverimus audiveritis audiverint

E. Examples of Future Perfect Tense

1. sederint _____________________ 5. iverit _____________________

2. advēnero _____________________ 6. dixeris _____________________

3. viderint _____________________ 7. manserimus_____________________

4. nolueritis _____________________ 8. egero _____________________

The future perfect tense is used to express an action that will have taken place before the action of the main verb will begin.

Ex. If you give (= will have given) the innkeeper money, he will not kill you.

Si cauponi pecuniam dederis, non te necabit.

F. Ablative of Cause is used without a preposition and tells "because of what" something happens.

Ex. Viatores defessi itinere erant.

The travelers were tired because of the journey.

The travelers were tired from the journey.

Dominus irā commotus servum verberat.

The master, moved because of anger, beats the slave.

The master, moved by anger, beats the slave.

Chapter 24 Notes (continued) page 3

G. licet, licēre, licuit

1. This verb uses only "it" (-t) for its subject. It has only the "it" forms and infinitive of 2nd conjugation verbs:

Infinitive licēre to be permitted, allowed

Present licet it is permitted, allowed

Imperfect licebat it was permitted, allowed

Future licebit it will be permitted, allowed

Perfect licuit it was/has been permitted, allowed

Pluperfect licuerat it had been permitted, allowed

Future Perfect licuerit it will have been permitted, allowed

2. This verb is used with the dative case. The person who is allowed is in the dative.

3. This verb is used with an infinitive to express what someone is allowed to do.

Ex. The boys were permitted to walk in the forest. =

It was permitted for the boys to walk in the forest.

Licebat pueris in silvā ambulare.

H. Verbs with Direct Objects in the Dative Case

The following verbs have their direct objects in the dative case:

1. appropinquo, appropinquare - to approach

Ex. Milites urbi appropinquabant.

The soldiers were approaching the city.

2. occurro, occurrere - to meet, encounter

Ex. Servus cauponibus occurrit.

The slave meets the innkeepers.