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Ecce Romani Chapter 10 - Notes Latin I
A. Verbs: Conjugations Latin verbs, with very few exceptions, fall into four major groups or conjugations. You can distinguish the conjugation of a verb by looking at two parts--the 1st person singular of the present tense and the present infinitive. For example:
B. Present Tense: all conjugations
Note:
3rd io and 4th conjugation verbs have exactly the same endings in the present
tense. The only differences
between them are in the infinitives (below) and the imperatives (section D). Conjugation Infinitive Ending Example 3rd io ere facere 4th ire audire Translate and identify the conjugation: a. vexamus (
) ______________________ e.
dormit ( )
_______________________ b. sedent (
) _______________________ f.
timet ( )
_______________________ c. currunt (
) _______________________ g.
ducit ( )
_______________________ Chapter 10 Notes (continued) C. Vocative Case: The vocative case is used for the
noun of address (the person called on or addressed). The vocative case endings are the same as
the nominative case endings, except for 2nd declension singular nouns that
end in -us or -ius. The
plural vocative endings are always the same as the nominative plural. (See Chapter 8 Rule Sheet.) D. Imperatives: An imperative is a verb command form. (Don't confuse this with the infinitive!) To form a singular
imperative, take the re off the infinitive. To form a plural imperative, add te
to the singular. Exception: In 3rd conjugation, you must change
the e to an
i before adding
the te.
1. Positive Imperatives: (as in chart above) ex. a.
Para, puella, hortum! Parate,
puellae, hortum! Girl, prepare the garden! Girls, prepare
the garden! b. Tenē, serve, ianuam! Tenēte, servi, ianuam! Slave, hold the door! Slaves, hold
the door! 2. Negative Imperatives: Negative imperatives use noli
(sing.) or nolite (pl.) + infinitive. ex. a. Noli parare hortum, puella! Nolite parare
hortum, puellae! Don't prepare the garden, girl! Don't prepare the
garden, girls! b. Noli tenēre ianuam, serve! Nolite tenēre ianuam, servi! Don't hold the door, slave! Don't hold the
door, slaves! |